Department of geochemistry of deep-seated fluids Head – Doctor Sciences (Geology), Professor, Corresponding member of the NAS of Ukraine, Valid member of the Taras Shevchenko Scientific Society Ihor Mykhailovych NAUMKO The Department of Geochemistry of Deep-Seated Fluids (modern name) is one of the oldest in the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It was created in 1951 simultaneously with the founding of the Institute of Geology of Useful Minerals of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR on the basis of the Lviv Иranch of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR organized in 1945 (since 1964 – the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (AS of Ukraine, NAS of Ukraine). There are 13 employees working at the Department, among their number 11 research іmployees, in particular 1 Doctor of Sciences (Geology) and 4 Candidates of Sciences (2 – equivalent to PhD) (as of 01.01.2024). Thermometric and cryometric, mass-spectrometric chemical and laser-microspectral laboratories, the Сentre of collective use of scientific instruments “Gas chromatography of fluids of geological objects” of the NAS of Ukraine are functioning at the Department. Scientific and science-organizing activity of the Department of Geochemistry of Deep-Seated Fluids realize in accordance with a scientific direction of the Department confirmed by the Academic Council of the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the NAS of Ukraine on December 20, 1999, protocol No. 12: «Thermobarometry and geochemistry of paleofluids in the environment of the mineral formation and sedimentation in lithosphere of combustible mineral provinces of the Ukraine (based on fluid inclusions in minerals)» within the framework of main scientific researches of the Institute, corrected in accordance with the Resolution No 117 of March 30, 2011 adopted by the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine, in particular «Geochemistry, thermobarometry of fluids of mineral-forming environment» and appointed concrete research tasks on the plane of scientific of the Institute, namely: – determination of composition, physical-chemical properties, genesis of fluids of the upper mantle and the earth’s crust and their role in the formation of the hydrocarbon and ore fields; – reconstruction of PTX-conditions of the formation of hydrothermal-katagenic mineralization of veinlet-impregnated type in the sedimentary strata of the oil-gas-bearing provinces for evaluation of prospects for oil-gas presence in the geological sections and local areas; – studying of mineral transformations in the coal-bearing deposits with participation of methane-aqueous fluids and methane of fluid inclusions as one of the forms of occurrence of this accompanied (independent) useful mineral in the gas-coal fields; – research of the state and composition of the mineral-forming fluids in paragenic associations of mineragenic provinces of the Carpathian region. The initial name of the Department was successively changed with changes in national and economic needs and the scientific profile of the Institute: from 1951 to 1953 – the Department of Petrography (head – V. S. Sobolev); from 1954 to 1958 – the Department of Petrography and Mineralogy (heads – V. S. Sobolev and Ye. K. Lazarenko); from 1958 to 1960 – Department of Ore Useful Minerals (head – Ye. K. Lazarenko); from 1961 to 1967 – the Department of Geochemistry of Rare and Dissipated Elements of Oil and Gas-bearing and Coal-holding Sediments (head – V. A. Kalyuzhny); from 1967 to the present – the Department of Geochemistry of Deep-Seated Fluids (heads – V. A. Kalyuzhny, 1967–1988; M. M. Davydenko, 1989–1993; I. M. Naumko, 1994–present). Despite the name changes, the Department has not lost the main initial positions used in the study of mineral deposits, namely genetic positions, i.e. the desire to study deposits, geological processes in historical and genetic terms according to the instructions of the founders of the Lviv Mineralogical and Geochemical School – Academicians V. S. Sobolev and Ye. K. Lazarenko. The development of the scientific research work of the Department during its existence was directed in accordance with the historically developed specialization and scientific experience of employees and new tasks related to the concentration of scientific topics on the development of problems of geology and geochemistry of combustible minerals that are priority. Until 1967, that is, before the reorganization of the Institute and the corresponding adjustment of scientific activity, the following scientific directions were distinguished in the work of the department: 1) research of volcanic formations of the Carpathians and their ore-bearing potential (V. S. Sobolev, V. P. Kostyuk, V. V. Zolotukhin, A. Yo. Slavska, O. P. Bobriyevych, L. G. Danylovych); 2) study of the mineralogical composition of ore deposits and ore occurrences of the Carpathians (Ye. K. Lazarenko, O. P. Slivko, G. I. Smyrnov, V. P. Shashkina, M. P. Habinet, H. M. Hnativ); 3) study of rare and dissipated elements and patterns of their distribution in pegmatites, hydrothermally altered and salt-bearing rocks (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, Z. M. Lyashkevych, A. F. Korzhynskyi, O. P. Slyvko, O. Yo. Petrychenko, V. S. Shaidetska, V. M. Kovalevych, Z. Yo. Yorysh); 4) geochemical and physicochemical studies of deep fluids from the relics of mineral-forming environments (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, Z. I. Kovalyshyn, D. K. Voznyak, Yu. V. Lyakhov, M. D. Bratus, G. M. Gigashvili, O. Ye. Lazarenko, B. V. Zatsikha, P. K. Vovk). Scientific works of this period had a noticeable impact on the solution of current national and economic problems. First of all, the questions regarding the composition of the erupted rocks and their age location were successfully resolved, which became the basis for expanding the scope of searches and finding industrial accumulations of Mercury and other non-ferrous metals (Transcarpathia). Lead-zinc mineralization in the Truskavets area was studied; established methods of transport and concentration in sedimentary rocks of lead, zinc and other non-ferrous metals. Polymetallic mineralization has been studied in detail in the area of the Berehovo mountain range, and silver-bearing minerals and native silver were discovered here for the first time. The distribution of rare alkali metals – Lithium, Rubidium, and Cesium – in the potash salts of Precarpathia was investigated and their comprehensive extraction was proposed. Halos of the spatial distribution of gas components of deep origin have been established for Volyn pegmatites with piezo-quartz and stone-colored mineralization; the special value of carbon dioxide was revealed, the increase in its concentration in the contained granites and the outer zones of pegmatites is a positive sign of the productivity of the objects. Parageneses of pegmatite minerals were studied, in which new Beryllium and Tin minerals were discovered. All this contributed to the expansion of the mineral raw material base of the state from such important types of minerals as Zinc, Lead, Gold, Mercury, Copper, piezo-optical and stone-colored raw materials, rare and dissipated metals. After 1967, іn general, geochemistry of deep mineral-forming fluids, i.e. the study (by fluid inclusions in minerals) of the composition, physical and chemical properties, genesis of fluids of the Earth's crust and upper mantle and their role in the formation of mineral deposits is the main scientific direction of the Department. Actually, this direction was developed at the Institute from 1955–1957, because precisely from the beginning of the 50s, thanks to research carried out at Lviv University and the Institute, it was proved the uniqueness of inclusions as relicts of the fluid environment of mineral crystallization and their paragenesis. Тhe Department’s employees performed important tasks in theoretical and practical terms аs a result of of many years of complex precision research of geochemistry and thermobarometry of deep fluids of the Earth's lithosphere by inclusions in minerals, parageneses and typomorphic features of minerals of rock-ore complexes. The most significant fundamental and applied results are as follows. On the basis of crystalogenetic and physico-chemical principles the theoretical and methodical bases of the knowledge about mineral-forming fluids (thermobarogeochemistry–mineralfluidology–fluid inclusions research) has been worked out. These investigations were on priority in past Soviet Union and continued beeing in Ukraine owing to works of the Department’s staff with the Government Prize laureate, Prof. V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, who was of the International gold medal in the name of G. Sorby on award. In connection with this the creation of Ukrainian association of fluid inclusion researchers in 1993 on the Department’s base was very logical. Hydrogen absence in fluid inclusions was confirmed and real sources of its origin at crystal destruction were detected for the first time using the applied mass-spectrometric plant that does not have anologues in world practice, thereby the significant contribution in solution of the problem of hydrogen geochemistry in geological processes were made (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, Yo. M. Svoren’, B. Е. Sakhno). Geochemical evolution model of postmagmatic process for granite pegmatites of cavity (chambered) type is created. The common regularity of pegmatite, granite formation at the average depths, in part granites under greisenization, is identified, that is periodicity of a change for acid-base fluid properties (according to pH value) against a background of regular temperature decreasing and corresponding mineral paragenesisses (mineral associations). The optimal regimes of conditioned piezoquartz and jewel raw materials of pegmatites are stated, new criteria of its quality estimation in process of pegmatite bodies mining are proposed. Zonal gas (CO₂, CH₄, N₂) aureoles are stated, which permit expecting to be detected, that is the endogeno-carbon dioxide method based on the indicatore CO₂ role for localization of piezoquartz, gem-stones, rare metals (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, D. K. Voznyak, Z. I. Kovalyshyn, M. D. Bratus’, H. M. Gigashvili, O. D. Matviyenko, O. M. Vynar, B. Н. Remeshylo, I. M. Naumko). Complex of these investigations as fundamental one in the branch of theoretical and regional mineralogy was decorated with State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, 1983). The regular periodicity in activity of gold-polymetallic-rare metals manifestations stipulated by change of aggregate state, composition and thermobarical parameters of crystalization medium, and on the basis of this the concrete salt and gas percentage, temperature and pressure ranges during the formation of gold-polimetallic, mercury deposits and magmatic rocks of Transcarpathia (Z. I. Kovalyshyn, M. D. Bratus’, I. M. Naumko, B. V. Zatsikha, E. L. Рlatonova, B. D. Zhovtulya, M. O. Vityk, N. M. Sayko), gold-polymetallic deposits of Donbas (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, I. M. Zinchuk), rare metal- and gold-mineralization of Ukrainian Shield (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, O. M. Vynar, O. D. Matviуenko, M. D. Bratus’, I. M. Naumko, N. E. Libersbakh). Тhe temperature ranges of accumulation and ore extension depth are determined as well as it was confirmed that processes of boiling and mixing of different by origin solutions were the main factors of gold concentration, in particular, for Beregovo ore district of Transcarpathia. Space zonality of hydrocarbon-aqueous and carbon dioxide-aqueous fluids of ore hydrothermalites and the transitional zone of Dnipro-Donetsk Depression is identified. The important role of hydrocarbon compounds, first of all CH₄, at very low percantage of CO₂ comparing with classical hydrothermal vein deposits is stated (M. D. Bratus’, M. M. Davydenko). It has been found the typomorphical characters and genetical connection between vein and stratiform fluorite manifestations of Bakhtyn ore field (PreDnistrovya) (O. D. Matviуenko). The mentioned materials underlie separation of two branches of geochemical (mineragenetic) specialization of mineral (ore)-forming fluids: while very high amount of CO₂ and the significant percantage of CH₄ are present: рolymetallic and gold manifestations mainly connected to the carbon dioxide-aqueous fluids and some genetical types of gold-bearing mineralization as well as carbon dioxide, oil-gas formations connected to carbon dioxide-methane-aqueous ones (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, O. M. Vynar, I. M. Zinchuk, Z. I. Kovalyshyn, O. D. Matviyenko, I. M. Naumko, Yo. M. Svoren’). А new technology of local prediction of promising areas among gold ore field is proposed (Yo. M. Svoren’, I. M. Naumko, V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, Z. I. Kovalyshyn, M. D. Bratus’, M. M. Davydenko). Geochemical peculiarities of hydrocarbon compounds of fluid inclusions in minerals were investigated on the example of vein hydrothermalites of Volyno-Podillya, Ukrainian Carpathians, Crime, and Turkmenystan, of convulsions of mud volcanoes of Kerch and Taman Peninsulas. In particular, the stages of catagenetic mineral formation in the sedimentary strata of the Lviv Paleozoic depression, primarily within the limits of the Belz-Mylyatyn fault, were reproduced on the basis of fluid inclusions and ontogenic observations. The elements as vertical zonality (higher amount of light hydrocarbon components at large depths and enrichment of heavy hydrocarbon components at lower depths) against a backdround of regular temperature increasing of mineralogenesis with depth as well as  lateral zonality, that is a change of the composition of fluids from oil through gas condensate to essentially methane ones in the direction from the north west to the south east within the investigated area are determined (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, H. M. Gigashvili, I. M. Zinchuk, I. M. Naumko, E. L. Platonova). Using fluid inclusions studies in quartz crystals of type «marmarosh diamonds» from hydrothermal veins the regular consistency of a change for composition and PT-parameters of hydrocarbon hydrothermal fluid migration on the south-west slope of Ukrainian Carpathians are discovered: in time – from methane-aqueous (240–200 °С, 300–50MPa) to oil-methane-aqueous (170–80 °С, 50 MPa) and in space (by maximum values) – from 210–225 °С and 80–100 MPa at the south-east and to 230–240 °С, 300 MPa at the north-west (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, M. D. Bratus’, I. V. Dudok, M. O. Vityk, C. B. Lomov). Liquid CO₂ and the light hydrocarbons of gaseous condensate type (ethane, propane) are detected for the first time that indicates hydrocarbon deposit probability in the region (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, B. E. Sakhno). For the first time, high-density methane inclusions and liquid hydrocarbon inclusions were discovered in calcite from the emissions of mud volcanoes on the Kerch and Taman peninsulas, and the thermodynamic parameters of the formation of deep centers of mud volcanism with the participation of hydrocarbon compounds were calculated (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, L. F. Telepko). The data about composition and PT-parameters of fluids among subcrustal and mantle areas are obtained from fluid inclusions and gas impurities in magmatic rocks of hypogene genesis: tholeiites of underwater oceanic eruption, potentially diamondiferous alkaline basaltoids of Central Asia, kimberlites of Yakutiya (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, M. D. Bratus’, I. M. Zinchuk, L. R. Red’ko, Yo. M. Svoren’, B. E. Sakhno, O. S. Kruglov). For the first time it is proved that volatile components of basaltic (tholeiitic) lavas of rift zones of World Ocean consist only from CO₂ (without taking no notice of H₂O and insignificant rare N₂ impurities), its carbon isotope composition corresponds to mantle one (H P. Mamchur, Yo. M. Svoren’, V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, I. M. Naumko). It is testified to some special role of CO₂ in the processes occurred at large depths in lithosphere. The last conclusion is proved per se by constant quantitative prevalence of CO₂ in basalts of mantle genesis and kimberlite minerals. Using fluid inclusions in mineral studies it is stated that the development of ultrabasic and basic magmatism of alcaline line is accompanied by intensive degasification of CO₂ at the presence of very low amount of carbon reduction compounds. СО₂ is also the main component of volatile impurities in diamond and accomponied minerals. The obtained by the Department’s researchers data about endogene mineralogenesis and modern theoretical preconditions permit expecting ranges of prediction of diamond deposits as well as of non-kimberlite type to be extended. A few perspective directions of using of fluid inclusions in mineral studies are outlined for investigations of sedimentary and volcanic sedimentary series, which hold hydrocarbon deposits within contemporary provinces of combustible minerals, that is a reconstruction of PTX-parameters of catagenetic and hydrothermal mineralogenesis, determination of relative time of jointing origin, separation and correlation non-characterized paleontologically layers, allocation of marking stratigraphic horizonts, determination of original sources of the important typomorphical minerals and mineral associations, identification of the directions of detrital material removal and establishment of its space-genetic connection with hypothetical host rocks. Recently the efforts of the Department’s staff concentrate on the research of PTX-parameters of post-sedimentary veinlet-impregnated mineralization of hydrothermal-catagenic origin in sedimentary series of oil- and gas-bearing provinces of Ukraine (I. M. Naumko, V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, M. D. Bratus’, I. M. Zinchuk, Z. I. Kovalyshyn, O. D. Matviyenko, L. R. Red’ko, Yo. M. Svoren’). This work succeeded in reconstruction of typical features of fluid regime of catagenic-hydrothermal process and obtaining new data about migration of deep paleofluids and their influence in the neighbourhood of oil deposits on the forming of peculiar thermobaric and geochemical aureoles, caught in the fluid inclusions in the minerals of veinlets and impregnations, and also spatially and chronologically close or even the same ways of migration of hydrocarbon-aqueous (oil-aqueous) fluids, related to oil and gas deposits, and metal-bearing (carbon dioxide-aqueous or methane- carbon dioxide-aqueous) fluids – mostly ore manifestations of polymetals, antimony, arsenic. The obtained data confirm that the gas contents value, variety level and element contents of hydrocarbons of fluid inclusions in veinlets (carbonate, quartz-carbonate etc.) minerals in the upper and lateral parts of hydrocarbon deposits directly relate to the genesis and origin of hydrocarbon-holding fluids that migrated through the rocks, at the same time forming veinlets or postsedimentally changing the host rocks (showing the cement recrystallization and regeneration of fragmented grains) and also to the grade their storage and preservation in host rocks. These values are ten times and more higher than values resulting from analysis of host rocks from the deposit vicinities. In particular, the research of sedimentкн strata of Carpathian oil-gas-bearing province showed that veinlet-impregnated mineralization after the through-cut of wells in the neighbourhood of the existing hydrocarbon deposits is characterized by high values of relative gas contents of mineral-forming fluid, which often correlates with its water contents, and sufficient contents of saturated hydrocarbons (first of all, methane, ethane, propane) in the gas phase comparing to the background values (I. M. Naumko, Z. I. Kovalyshyn, Yo. M. Svoren’, B. E. Sakhno, L. F. Telepko). The detected regularities, like the increased contents of carbon dioxide and other gases of fluid inclusion in minerals around piezoquartz and rare metal pegmatites and also some gold-bearing hydrothermal veins, can be regarded as favourable search and evaluation regional and local criteria of areas prospective with respect to oil and gas presence. The knowledge of thermobarometry and geochemistry of gases of veinlet-impregnated mineralization of catagenic-hydrothermal origin in the sediments of oil- gas-bearing areas forms the basis of endogenic-methane (endogenic-hydrocarbon) method of search of oil-gas deposits, in the frame of which a new technology of determining prospectiveness with respect to oil and gas presence of local area (Yo. M. Svoren’, I. M. Naumko, M. M. Davydenko) and a new technology of determining the genesis of hydrocarbon gases (Yo. M. Svoren’, I. M. Naumko) are proposed, and also thermobarogeochemical preconditions for oil-gas presence forecast are detected (I. M. Naumko, Yo. M. Svoren’, Z. I. Kovalyshyn). Typomorphical features of postsedimentegenous veinlet-imregnated mineralization of sedimentary oil-gas-bearing strata, reconstructed by the fluid inclusions, are proposed as an important criterion of oil and gas prospectiveness of geological profile, which will give more reliable ground for search and exploring works. Two trends of evolution of the composition of the hydrocarbon systems were detalizited in the sedimentary strata of the L´viv Paleozoic deep: a) transformation in the conditions of partly open heterogeneous system due to loss of volatile components, first of all methane, into oil-like mixture with the parallel destruction of their part with formation of the bitumen-like fluids and solid bitumens in the near-surface conditions (elements of time evolution and vertical zonality); b) substitution of the oil-like mixtures by the light mainly methane fluids (elements of lateral zonality) (I. M. Zinchuk, I. M. Naumko, V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, B. E. Sakhno). Was determined significant similarity and, to a considerable extent, inherited composition of the fluid inclusion in the katagenic veinlet minerals near by the oil-gas deposits of the Carpathian oil- and gas-bearing provinces and the data characterizing the relationship between the volatile components of the natural gases and dissolved in the formation waters from the fields actually that is of great genetic and applied importance (I. M. Naumko, Z. I. Kovalyshyn, M. D. Bratus’, Yu. A. Belets’ka, L. F. Telepko). It was established that postsedimentigenic changes in the rock complexes in areas of predicted or proved by the oil and gas presence in the Northern Black Sea area occurred under influence of the deep-seated hydrocarbon-containing fluids within the limits of subvertical fluid-conducting structures in which methane widened to a great extent the area of heterogenization of fluids and their division in considerably aqueous-salty and enriched with hydrocarbons phases (I. M. Naumko, I. M. Zinchuk, M. D. Bratus’). Thermobaric and geochemical parameters of the mineral-forming fluids of the main gold-polymetallic fields and ore shows of the Nagolny ore region and adjacent geological structures of Central Donets´ Basin were reconstructed as well as a distinct zonality of the territorial distribution of the parameters of mineral formation and stable isotopes of carbon in the region (I. M. Zinchuk). The isotopic nature of Сarbon and Оxygen in CO₂ of inclusions, and Сarbon and Оxygen in carbonate minerals of ore deposits and host rocks of Ukraine was studied in detail (M. D. Bratus). The physicochemical conditions of graphitization, the isotopic nature of Сarbon and Оxygen in CO₂ and the Оxygen and Нydrogen of water from inclusions in minerals and the isotopic composition of various forms of graphite were studied in the graphite deposits of Ukraine (M. D. Bratus, Yu. A. Beletska). New dualistic (abiogenic-biogenic) conception of synthesis and genesis of natural hydrocarbons was developed and substantiated according to which giant and over-giant fields of oil and gas were formed from inorganic and organic initial hydrocarbon-containing compounds in the Earth’s lithosphere under the influence of the deep-seated high-temperature fluid: principal, basic and important source of both powerful tectonogenic energy and sufficient volumes of initial components (hydrogen and carbon) for hydrocarbon synthesis in its surroundings (Yo. M. Svoren’, I. M. Naumko). Fluid regime of mineralogenesis of the rock-ore complexes of the Ukraine’s lithosphere was reconstructed as well as the data were obtained concerning the migration of the deep-seated fluids and their influence upon the postsedimentogenic transformations of sedimentary thickness containing the deposits of hydrocarbon and ore materials (I. M. Naumko). It was shown that Earth’s bowels are both a powerful source of initial substances and a high-energy natural physical-chemical reactor in which the majority of useful minerals is synthesized and formed that was taken as a basis of the new scientific trend in geology – «The bowels of the Earth – natural high-energy physical and chemical reactor» (Yo. M. Svoren’, I. M. Naumko). The composition and special features of the space-time distribution of the gaseous phase of metamorphogenic-metasomatic fluids of rock-ore complexes of the north-western part of the Marmarosh massif were studied. It was confirmed that in the process of their formation and transformations there are all conditions for running processes of synthesis of hydrocarbon compounds as well as formation of hydrocarbon deposits both in underthrust structures and in favorable structures-traps of tectonic origin (I. M. Naumko, R. A. Bondar, Yo. M. Svoren’, B. E. Sakhno, O. O. Nechepurenko). On the example of hydrocarbon deposits of the Precarpathian Foredeep the character of conjugated processes of hydrocarbon migration and localization in sedimentary strata of overthrust-underthrust structures of the oil- and gas-bearing areas and the formation of veinlet-impregnated mineralization in the systems of healed fractures were ascertained according to the scientific trend in geology «Geochemistry and thermobarometry of gases of veinlet-impregnated mineralization in deposits of oil- and gas-bearing areas and metallogenic provinces» that is developing at the department (I. M. Naumko et. al.). A fluid regime of mud Volcanism of the Kerch peninsula was characterized as reflection of phasing of vertical-migrational processes in the region (based on inclusions in calcite and gypsym of outbursts of mud volcanoes) (I. M. Naumko et al.). The composition and relative gas-saturation of initial migrating fluid paleoflows were reconstructed that has formed prerequisites for drawing a diagram of migration and reconstruction of possible migration paths of fluid inflows and, correspondingly, substantiation of the possibility of fixing fluid-conductive fracture zones of increased permeability of rocks in oil and gas layers and coal-rock massifs by mineralofluidological methods (M. I. Pavlyuk, I. M. Naumko). An abiogenic-biogenic nature of coalbed methane was determined as well as the characteristic feature of abiogenic methane-containing high-temperature fluid to transform organic remains on the coal row and the physical-chemical model was developed for the formation of coal seams from organic remains in sedimentary strata under the influence of methane-containing components of the deep-seated fluid with simultaneous forming of veinlet-impregnated mineralization and its methane-saturation (Yo. M. Svoren’, I. M. Naumko). The role of deep-seated fluids as a determinative component of fluidal postsedimentogenic mineral-forming paleosystems with participation of methane (hydrocarbon)-aqueous fluids in the coal-rock massifs was proved (I. M. Naumko, et al.). The probable model of the formation of natural hydrocarbons in the Earth’s lithosphere in just one more principally possible way was proposed. It is grounded on the analysis and interpretation of the results of investigations executed by professor F. Freund with his group from the Köln University have reconstructed in laboratory conditions the process of synthesis of hydrocarbons at the interaction of free carbon or CO₂ with water at 500–800 °С on defects of crystalline texture of MgO, accompanied by emission of free oxygen. Such a process serves as the explanation of the mechanism of using of CO₂ and H₂O as sources of carbon and hydrogen during hydrocarbonogenesis (M. I. Pavlyuk, I. M. Naumko, R. Н. Makitra, D. V. Bryk). On the basis of executed generalization all minerals of silicate rank, known in the Folder Carpathians, Precarpathian and Transcarpathian Foredeeps, have been characterized: distribution, shapes of shows, morphology, chemical composition, structure, physical properties, genesis and paragenesis, in particular, of subrank of the framed structure (group of silica minerals and zeolites) (I. M. Naumko, R. A. Bondar, Z. Н. Matviishyn, I. T. Popp included in the author’s team of the monograph «Minerals of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Silicates»). The compositions, sources and origin of hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions (as naturally preserved relicts of hydrocarbon-containing paleosystems) of the formations of the areas of Alpine tectogenesis of the Ukraine were investigated. It gave the chance to reconstruct thermobaric and geochemical characteristics of fluid environment of mineral crystallization and staging of both minerogenesis and migrational processes with participation of hydrocarbon compounds as a basis for development of appropriate migrational schemes of carbonaceous fluids in the Earth’s lithosphere (I. M. Naumko, Yo. M. Svoren, I. M. Zinchuk et al.). It was established that formation of quarts vein gold-ore shows of the south-western part of the Kirovohrad block of the Ukrainian Shield occurred under the average-temperature (380–200 °С) conditions of the hydrothermal-metasomatic process. Deposition of accessory gold was stimulated by decomposition of chloraurated complex compounds in the course of heterogeneity of carbon dioxide-aqueous fluids with decrease in the temperature of solutions, increase in their alkalinity and decline in chlor-ion activity (I. M. Naumko, N. G. Sava, B. E. Sakhno, L. F. Telepko, Yu. M. Shashorin). Analysis of firstly obtained data of chemical mass-spectrometry on methane predominance (up to 100 vol. per cent) and origination of ethane at deeper horizons (the first per cent at the expense of CH₄ content) as well as of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in volatile of fluid inclusions in minerals and closed pores of argillites from Paleozoic rock complexes of the Volyn-Podillya region has enabled us to a conclusion about the availability in them of conditions for running the processes of gas-forming by means of alteration of organic material into «shale» gas absorbed and occluded by mineral and organic material at a stage of katagenesis and hence their potential for gas presence. Absence of the water steam may testify to «dryness» of hydrocarbon systems, and low values of relative gas saturation – to alteration of organic material as a source of volatile, first of all hydrocarbon, compounds at low (mainly lithostatic) pressures. At the same time, an order higher relative gas saturation of calcite of veinlets, by which subvertical fractures in argillite mass is healed, and origination of steam water indicate possible influx of deep-seated migrating paleofluids through these thick systems of jointed fractures. Probable mechanism of gas generation in porous space with further both trapping of gas in free state and its sorption by rocks with «shale» gas forming was proposed. It is based on comparison of data on composition of volatile from fluid inclusions in minerals and closed pores of perspectively gas-bearing argillites and sorption-generating processes of methane formation in coal proceeding from principal unity of nature and ways of transformation of dispersed and concentrated forms of organic material (I. M. Naumko, I. M. Kurovets, S. S. Kurovets, B. E. Sakhno, P. S. Chepusenko). The possibility of formation of bitumenous substances – kerite and anthraxolite in pegmatites of the Ukrainian Shield and the Voronezh Massif in the course of inversion of redox-potential of fluids at pneumatolithical-hydrotermal stage of evolution of granitoid magmatism was proved that will promote both perceiving the processes of transference of metals in the complexes with organic ligands and solving the problems of the formation of ore deposits connected with carbon-containing rocks complexes (R. P. Gottikh, B. I. Pisotskiy, I. M. Naumko, K. I. Sveshnikov). On the basis of data of isotope analysis of carbon and oxygen from carbonates of veinlets and hold rocks within the limits of the Lopushnya oil field (Ukrainian Carpathians) it was possible to show the dominant influence of deep-seated hydrocarbon-containing fluids upon the formation of veinlet-impregnated mineralization in surroundings of deposits in favour of which testifies also isotope composition of sulphur of oil from this field that is corresponding to meteorite standard (I. M. Naumko, Yu. A. Beletska, V. M. Zagnitko). Main mineralogical-genetic and technological characteristics of rock complexes with zeolites from Ukrainian Transcarpathia (clinoptilolite) and Timan (analcime) were compared. Owing to that sorption properties of clinoptilolite turned out to be better (and as molecular sieves, for example, as to molecule of n-hexan), and its formation in Transcarpathia is connected with intensive volcanism, then this causes the necessity to search clinoptilolite layers and within Timan zeolite-bearing province too, because in the composition of analcime-containing deposits pyroclastic material is present there as well (I. M. Naumko, R. A. Bondar, Z. G. Matviishyn, O. B. Kotova, D. O. Shushkov). Formation conditions of the veinlet-impregnated mineralization in basalts of the Luchychi series of the continental flood basalts in the area of junction of the Volyn Paleozoic uplift and the Volyn-Podillya monocline of the West Volyn region. Temperature interval of from 325 to 235 °С (based on primary inclusions in analcime and calcite) and predominance of nitrogen (up to 100 vol. per cent) over carbon dioxide in the gas component should be considered optimal parameters of the processes of minerogenesis that corresponds to average-temperature hydrothermal processes (mesothermal processes 200–300 °С) similar to parageneses of copper-bearing traps of Decan (India). For the first time it was possible to ascertain an important genetic significance of findings of pisolites in tuffs of the Babyno suite of the trappean formation of the north-western Volyn region as far as according to peculiarities of their distribution, it is possible to affirm about their subaqueous origin under condition of the formation within intermediate and distant zones of eruption (I. M. Naumko, N. V. Nesterovych, Yu. I. Fedoryshyn, L. F. Telepko, B. E. Sakhno). Тhe processes of mineralogenesis in all rock and ore complexes of the Ukrainian Carpathians were characterized оn the basis of the generalization of the data of the study of parageneses, typomophic features of minerals and fluid inclusions in minerals, (I. M. Naumko, I. T. Popp as part of the author’s team of the monograph «Minerals of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Processes mineral formation»). On the basis of developed new theory of synthesis and genesis of natural hydrocarbons and new model of hydrocarbongenesis in the Earth’s lithosphere as the grounds for new fundamental knowledge of the peculiarities of the distribution of useful minerals in the earth’s crust and technology of their extraction it became possible to substantiate and to select optimal parameters of complex development of gas-coal fields with the help of continuos flow process technologies of high-speed drilling that acquire indisputable advantages compared with other innovation projects, because it contributes to import substitution of energy resources for own reserves of gas-methane, repays the investment in the course of a year, ensures new working places, extends prospects for cost-effective increase in coal production and ensures appropriate level of safety of underground work (I. M. Naumko et al.). Head of the department, D. Sc. I. M. Naumko was included into group of pretenders to the work “Complex development of gas-coal field based on continuos flow process technologies of drilling” nominated by the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for the State Prizes of Ukraine in Science and Technology in 2014. The importance of such an additional source of energy as coal-bed methane in increasing the fuel and energy potential of Ukraine at the current stage is shown. The resource base of gas-coal deposits was evaluated, the factors of its superiority over hydrocarbons of other sources and its place in the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine as a basis for the intensive development of the methane production industry in Ukraine were considered (I. M. Naumko, M. I. Pavlyuk, Yо. M. Svoren, M. I. Zubyk). For the first time, the Сarbon and Оxygen isotopic composition of calcite of the veinlet-impregnated mineralization of the rock complexes of the northwestern part of the Krosnо zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians was determined, which according to the values of d¹³С (-2.53÷-0.29 ‰, PDB standard) and d¹⁸О (22.57÷26.52 ‰, SMOW standard) does not correlate with the spatial location of the veins within the outcrops or the quarry, the place of sampling, the composition and age of the host rock. This confirms the deep origin and a relatively well-homogenized source of fluids and the similarity of the processes of the transfer of hydrocarbons by migratory fluids and the healing of migration cracks with mineral matter due to the intensification of vertical migration phenomena in the autochthonous and allochthonous complexes of the Precarpathia and, therefore, the possibility of the formation of hydrocarbon deposits in paraautochthonous deposits of the Flysch Paleogene in the zones «compacted collectors» (I. M. Naumko, Н. O. Zankovуch). For the first time, a generalized model of magmatic-hydrothermal mineralogenesis was created and a schematic diagram of migration processes during the formation of rock and ore complexes of the continental flood basalts of the joint zone of the Volyn Paleozoic uplift and the Volyn-Podillya monocline within the limits of the Western Volyn was proposed. This will form the basis for the development of appropriate models and schemes for all prospective areas of the Volyn copper ore province and will contribute to clarifying the region's prospects for native copper mineralization (I. M. Naumko, N. V. Nesterovych). According to the research of fluid inclusions in minerals and closed pores of rocks, as naturally preserved relics of fluid post-sedimentogenic systems, the composition of volatile components of fluids of hydrothermal-metasomatic and catagenetic processes was determined, and the geochemical parameters of the fluid environment of mineral crystallization (regeneration) and stages of both post-sedimentogenic mineralogenesis and migration processes with the participation of volatile compounds in rock and ore complexes of the combustible mineral provinces of Ukraine (I. M. Naumko, I. M. Zinchuk, Yo. M. Svoren et al.). On the basis of a new theory of synthesis and genesis of natural hydrocarbons – «abiogenic-biogenic dualism» – and a new physico-chemical model of deep mineral and naphthydogenesis in the Earth's lithosphere, the main abiogenic-biogenic dualistic origin of methane in coal deposits is substantiated, which indicates the practical inexhaustibility of its sources. in contrast to the concept of a purely biogenic origin of methane from coal seams and coal-bearing rocks. This contributes to solving the fundamental questions of genesis, migration and localization of hydrocarbon-containing fluids during the formation of gas (methane) coal deposits (I. M. Naumko, M. I. Pavlyuk, Yo. M. Svoren, M. I. Zubyk). The fluid-liquation hypothesis of the origin of native copper mineralization in the basalts of the Lower Vendian continental flood basalts complexes of the Western Volyn is substantiated on the basis of proven fluid-liquation differentiation. Since the crystallization of plagioclase took place at a temperature of 1200–1135 C and native copper was found in the plagioclase loess, copper was in the melt in the form of small drops of ore substance at the time of formation of the basalt thickness. In the process of liquation, they separated from the silicate melt in the same temperature range with subsequent redistribution and transfer in the medium of deep high-temperature fluid and deposition on geochemical barriers (I. M. Naumko, N. V. Batsevych, Yu. I. Fedoryshyn). The fluid regime of the mineralogenesis processes during the formation of the veinlet-impregnated calcite mineralization in the prospective oil-and-gas-bearing flysch deposits of the northwestern part of the Krosno zone of the Folded Carpathians is reproduced, and an original scheme of paleomigration processes with the participation of hydrocarbon compounds is proposed. These new scientifically based results and conclusions collectively contribute to the search, prediction and detection of geological structures promising for hydrocarbons within the limits of the studied region (I. M. Naumko, H. O. Zankovych). Methane and its homologues (probably up to C9) and their high mass concentration were detected for the first time in the composition of fluid inclusions in «marmarosh diamonds» and calcite from carbonate-quartz veins and closed pores of rocks of the flysch formation of the Krosnо zone of the Folded Carpathians in the area of the construction of a new branch of the Beskydy railway tunnel. This indicates the possibility of the transfer of mineral substances by a hydrocarbon-water fluid and the crystallization of parageneses with «marmarosh diamonds» and expands the prospects of the oil and gas potential of this structural-facies unit (I. M. Naumko, H. O. Zankovych, Ya. D. Kuzemko, V. O. Dyakiv, B. E. Sakhno). For the first time, melt inclusions in plagioclase, ortho- and clinopyroxene of andesites of the Matekiv complex in the Lisarnya quarry of the Vyhorlat-Huta volcanic ridge were identified and studied. The obtained data on the fluid environment of rock formation will contribute to the detailed determination of the primary composition of the magmatic melt and its evolution over time and to the clarification of the role of processes of mixing magmas of different composition in the volcanic process, which can also be an important key to the study of the effusive magmatic process in the region (I. M. Naumko, L. Z. Skakun, T. B. Brynskyi, B. E. Sakhno). For the first time, the total methane generation potential of the fields of the Velyki Mosty (VM) group of mines of the Mezhyrichchya gas and coal field of the Lviv-Volyn basin was calculated, the volume of which was determined for VM mine No. 3 («Mezhyrichchya”) – 75149 million m3, VM mine No. 4 («Vidrodzhennya») – 157458 million m3, VM mine No. 6 («Lisova») – 125,564 million m3, total – 358,171 million m3. It was proved that during the peat stage of coal formation, the following amount of methane was released from the peatland into the atmosphere: VM mine No. 3 – 1517 million m3, VM mine No. 4 – 3173 million m3, VM mine No. 6 – 2537 million m3, total 7227 million m3 (M. I. Zubyk, V. I. Uziyuk, I. V. Shaynoha). For the first time, the formation of carbon methane in the natural physico-chemical processes of the transformation of organic remains into coal seams under the action of deep abiogenic high-thermobaric methane-containing fluid in the Earth's crust, the decay of which intensifies the formation of explosive mixtures, which must be taken into account in order to prevent accidents and facilitate the work of miners (Yо. M. Svoren). The Head of the Department, Doctor of Sciences (Geology) I. M. Naumko was elected as an Active Member (Academician) of the Taras Shevchenko Scientific Society (2017). The work of the junior researcher, Candidate Sciences (Geology) (PhD) N. V. Batsevych «Conditions for the formation of native copper mineralization in the volcanics of the continental flood basalts within the limits of Western Volyn», presented by the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the NAS of Ukraine, was admitted to the competition for Awards of the President of Ukraine for young scientists of 2017 (code m79). In the reporting period during 2018–2023: For the first time, the stability of the outline and habit and the slight morphological diversity of the crystals of «marmarosh diamonds» from the veins in the flysch deposits of the Krosno zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians (the area of the new Beskydy railway tunnel) were established. This indicates the stability of RT parameters and the constant uniform influx of migrating hydrocarbon-containing fluids and, accordingly, calm physicochemical conditions in a hydrocarbon-saturated fluid environment, as an indicator of the stability of the fluid regime of post-sedimentogenic mineralogenesis, which, together with the calm tectonic situation, ensured the possible preservation of hydrocarbon deposits in the region (І. M. Naumko, H. O. Zankovych, O. P. Vovk). For the first time, the specificity of the gas regime of effusive processes during the formation of andesites of the Vygorlat-Huta volcanic ridge in Ukrainian Transcarpathia was established, which was determined by the insignificant content of carbon dioxide and water vapor and the absence of nitrogen, as well as low relative gas saturation (at the limit of «dry» gas). This may indicate the impoverishment of the lava with these components under the conditions of crystallization of the constituent minerals at a sufficiently high temperature at the liquidus limit. At the same time, the superiority of the water in some samples is evidence of the formation of lava flows in a water-saturated environment (at the bottom of the sea of the appropriate depth) (I. M. Naumko, T. B. Brynskyi, L. Z. Skakun, B. E. Sakhno). For the first time, the carbonate-haloide composition of the fluid medium of quartz crystallization in the crystal-bearing veins in the granodiorites of the Andy intrusive complex (Barchans Islands, West Antarctica) was determined. This contributed to the formation of jewelry and technologically perfect individuals, possibly with piezo-electrical properties, similar to quartz crystals, both crystal-bearing veins of the Subpolar Urals and synthesized in laboratory conditions. The obtained results are important for a scientifically based assessment of the mineral resource potential of the region on the ore and piezo-optical raw materials, primarily in the area of the Ukrainian Antarctic station «Academician Vernadskyi» (I. M. Naumko, O. P. Vovk, B. E. Sakhno, L. F. Telepko, G. V. Artemenko, V. G. Bakhmutov). For the first time, a methodology for determining the amount of metamorphous water in coal seams and layers of each metamorphism group was developed, according to which the potential influx of 368.594 million tons of metamorphic water into the reservoir space of the rocks of the Tyahliv coal deposit of the Lviv-Volyn coal and gas basin was calculated. Taking into account the water saturation of the coal massif will make it possible to predict the amount of the expected water inflow and, therefore, contribute to the development of appropriate measures during the future coal mining operations (I. M. Naumko, M. I. Zubyk, V. I. Uziyuk, I. V. Shaynoha). The crystal morphology of «marmarosh diamonds» from the deposits of the Ukrainian (Krosno and Duklya zones) and Slovak (Duklya zone and Zone of the Intracarpathian Paleogene) Carpathians was compared, thanks to which the similarity of the studied polyhedra was revealed, regardless of the terrain of distribution. The stability of the external form (isometric or short-columnar outline and a short-prismatic habit, and minor morphological differences of the crystals) indicates the stability of the parameters of their formation with a constant influx of migrating hydrocarbon-containing fluids and a uniform supply of matter to all faces. The revealed crystal-morphological signs of the interaction of the symmetry of the crystals of «marmarosh diamonds» and the symmetry of the environment have significant additional diagnostic and genetic significance (I. M. Naumko, O. P. Vovk, H. O. Zankovych). For the first time, the informativeness of mineralofluidological indicators of the processes of post-sedimentogenic mineralogenesis for obtaining information about the fluids of the time of changes in hydrocarbon reservoir rocks and the formation of veinlet-impregnated mineralization as an indicator of the processes and mechanisms of fluid transport of matter and the product of fracture healing by abiogenic high-thermobaric deep migratory f–luids genetically related to the post-sedimentogenic fluids of deposits of oil and gas-bearing rocks is shown for the first time. Phanerozoic complexes of western Ukraine, in particular thrust-subthrust zones of the Carpathian–Black Sea thrust belt in Precarpathia (I. M. Naumko, Yu. A. Beletska, H. O. Zankovych et al.). For the first time, the possibilities of knowledge on the mineral-forming environments (fluids) – mineralofluidology as a fundamental science of inclusions in minerals in the reconstruction of the fluid environment of mineralo-naphthydo-genesis in the Earth’s bowels are argued. The analysis of innovative mineralofluidological ideas played a decisive role in the justification of universal approaches to the processes of synthesis and genesis of natural hydrocarbons in the form of a new fundamental paradigm of oil and gas geology and geochemistry – «the polygenesis of natural hydrocarbons» in the Earth’s subsoil, which increases the potential of oil and gas resources of promising regions of Ukraine (I. M. Naumko). The Strontium isotopic composition of calcite of the veinlet-impregnated mineralization in the Oligocene deposits of the flysch formation of the northwestern part of the Krosno structural-facies unit of the Ukrainian Carpathians was determined for the first time. The measured ratios of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.70864-0.71030) completely coincide with the values of 87Sr/86Sr of oil samples from the Predkarpattia deposits (0.7084-0.7109). This indicates a core source of deep migrating hydrocarbon-containing fluids, the influx of which into the development zone of the so-called compacted reservoirs of promising oil and gas-bearing deposits contributed to the possible formation of hydrocarbon deposits in them under favorable geodynamic conditions (I. M. Naumko et al.). For the first time, the connection between quartz-forming fluids and post-magmatic processes in granodiorites of the Andy intrusive complex (Argentine Islands, West Antarctica) was substantiated, and the point of view on quartz veins as the formation of a post-tectonic hydrothermal stage was confirmed and developed. This expands the knowledge base about the quartz and ore-generating potential of granitoid magmatism and genetically related hydrothermalites with molybdenite and pyrite-chalcopyrite mineralization in the area of the Ukrainian Antarctic Station «Academician Vernadskyі» and the entire Antarctic Peninsula in general (I. M. Naumko, G. V. Artemenko, V. G. Bakhmutov et al.). Head of the Department, Doctor of Sciences (Geology), Professor I. M. Naumko was elected as a Corresponding Member of the NAS of Ukraine (2021). Based on the generalization of materials on the origin, formation and development of thermobarogeochemistry-mineralfluidology in Ukraine, the contribution of Ukrainian scientists to the development of this fundamental science of inclusions in minerals is comprehensively characterized and its great possibilities in forecasting natural hydrocarbon saturation and assessing the hydrocarbon potential of the subsoil are shown, substantiated by the original investigations of scientists of the NAS of Ukraine within the framework of world-famous scientific thermobarogeochemiсal schools: geochemistry and thermobarometry of mineral-forming fluids and thermobarogeochemistry of evaporites (I. M. Naumko as part of the author team of the monograph «Thermobarogeochemistry in Ukraine»). The geochemistry of fluids of the veinlet-impregnated mineralization in sediments of the southwestern margin of the East European craton and adjacent geostructures in Ukraine was investigated. According to the obtained mineralofluidological and isotopic-geochemical indicators, which improve the thermobarogeochemical model of deep mineralofluidogenesis – the model of the evolution of deep fluids (by inclusions in minerals), the predominantly deep nature and crustal source of migrating fluids and the intensification of vertical migration phenomena during the formation of hydrocarbon deposits and hydrothermal mineralization have been proven ( I. M. Naumko, I. M. Zinchuk, Yо. M. Svoren et al.). According to the analysis of geological, geophysical and geochemical data, the presence of «degassing pipes» in the sedimentary cover of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea was confirmed for the first time. These materials, in the context of the assessment of the oil and gas potential of the region, formed the basis for the creation of a complex system of predictive criteria and search signs of hydrocarbons, based on the theory of global fluidogenesis, and made it possible to substantiate the search and evaluation method of directional-rank correlation of geological and geophysical information, in which the determining role in the line of ranks is assigned thermobarogeochemical, mineralogical and isotope-geochemical ranks (I. M. Naumko, I. M. Zinchuk, Yu. A. Beletska et al.). For the first time, maps of the thickness and paleosurface relief of the basalts of the Luchychi Suite of the Ediacaran continental flood basalts of the Ratne-Kamin-Kashirskyi area of Western Volyn were constructed and the natural relationship of the vertical distribution and localization of native copper mineralization within basalt flows and their thickness, as a direct dependence of the values of native copper content and thickness, was substantiated flow, reaching a maximum in areas with maximum thickness and background values at minimum thickness. This can be used when conducting prospecting for copper and spread as a fundamentally new method of searching for native copper mineralization of the continental flood basalts (I. M. Naumko, N. V. Batsevych, Yu. I. Fedoryshyn). For the first time, it was shown that the gas composition of migrating paleofluids in the prospective gas-bearing strata of the Mukachevo and Solotvyno Depressions of the Transcarpathian Basin coincides with the revealed preference for methane and its homologues, on the one hand, and carbon dioxide, on the other hand, in the natural gas deposits of the Transcarpathian gas-bearing area. This can be explained by the presence in the subsoil of two different paleosystems: reducing or oxidizing type, which formed two types of natural gas deposits: hydrocarbons, such as Solotvyno, or carbon dioxide - such as Martovo. This made it possible to substantiate the thermobarogeochemical and thermodynamic indicators of the prospects of the gas potential of the Transcarpathian depression, which contributes to the increase in the assessment of oil and gas resources and requires changes in the strategy of geological exploration in the region (I. M. Naumko, M. I. Pavlyuk, A. A. Loktev, Yu. V. Khokha, B. E. Sakhno, Yu. A. Beletska, N. H. Sava) For the first time, the mineralogical-geochemical features of non-ore minerals (calcite, «marmarosh diamonds») of of the veinlet-impregnated mineralization in flysch deposits of the Krosno Suite of the Oligocene of the Ukrainian Carpathians (area of the new Beskydy railway tunnel) were comprehensively characterized. Its typomorphic features include the presence of hydrocarbons in inclusions, chemical composition, isotopic composition of Carbon, Oxygen, Strontium, crystal morphology. This will contribute to the improvement of the system of search criteria for hydrocarbon deposits, in which a new additional indicator of hydrocarbon saturation of the subsoil becomes significant, based on mineralofluidological and isotope-geochemical data (I. M. Naumko, H. O. Zankovych, O. M. Kokhan, O. P. Vovk , Ya. D. Kuzemko, B. E. Sakhno, R. M. Serkis). For the first time, the petrography of basalts of the Luchychi Suite of the Ediacaran continental flood basalts of Western Volyn was studied in connection with copper bearing as a prerequisite for identifying the reasons for the localization of industrial copper ore mineralization in certain areas of the continental flood basalts of Western Volyn (on the example of stratotype well No. 8262). Ore-bearing and ore-free horizons were identified and the main petrographic features of the rocks inherent in them were characterized. This can be used by production organizations of the geological profile when carrying out prospecting and reconnaissance works with the aim of preparing promising areas for the exploration of the North-Hirnyk and Rafalivka ore-bearing fields (ore nodes) within the Ratnе horst anticline (N. V. Batsevych, I. M. Naumko, Yu. I. Fedoryshyn). For the first time, the importance of thermobarogeochemistry for oil and gas geology in the context of assessing the hydrocarbon saturation of the subsoil is shown, which results from the undeniable fact of occlusion of hydrocarbon fluids by relict microinclusions in mineral crystals and closed pores of rocks and their preservation from the time of entrapment until now. The identification of hydrocarbons in inclusions contributes to the clarification of the issues of the origin of the starting substances for the synthesis of hydrocarbons in the deep geospheres and the Earth's crust and the formation and search for their deposits on the basis of a new fundamental paradigm of oil and gas geology and geochemistry – «the polygenesis of natural hydrocarbons», which is evidenced by the natural hydrocarbon saturation and hydrocarbon potential of the subsoil, and is proposed for wider use in the general complex of search and exploration works for hydrocarbon raw materials (I. M. Naumko, M. I. Pavlyuk). For the first time, the existing and new own data of studies of hydrocarbon inclusions in minerals, mainly «marmarosh diamonds», in the deposits of the Krosno zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians have been comprehensively systematized. The revealed similarity of the investigated polyhedra, both genetically (presence in hydrocarbon inclusions – relics of migrating hydrocarbon fluids), and crystal-morphologically (morphological similarity of crystals), was also recorded in other areas of their findings in the region. This indicates the regional nature of the migration and entrapment of hydrocarbon fluids into defects of the crystal lattice of minerals, which acquires unique importance for the assessment of the prospects of the oil and gas potential of the Carpathians as a basis for the development of indirect criteria for the forecast, search and assessment of hydrocarbon deposits (I. M. Naumko, H. O. Zankovych, O. P. Vovk, Yu. A. Beletska, L. F. Telepko, B. E. Sakhno). For the first time, the mineral composition and petrographic and petrochemical features of the tuffs of the Babin effusive-pyroclastic Suite of Western Volyn were analyzed in detail in connection with the copper content, and new data were obtained regarding the features of native copper ore formation and the distribution of native copper mineralization in the tuffs, their genetic and practical significance. Enrichment of native copper in tuffs of gray-green color is noted and a possible explanation of this fact is discussed. The obtained results increase the assessment of copper-bearing prospects of volcanogenic strata of the continental flood basalts and can be proposed for use by production organizations of the geological profile within the Rafalivka ore field, as the most promising for complex extraction and processing from the explored deposits of the region (N. V. Batsevych, I. M. Naumko, Yu. I. Fedoryshyn). In the context of the development of scientific directions in geology «Geochemistry and thermobarometry of gases of the veinlet-impregnated mineralization in deposits of oil and gas-bearing areas and metallogenic provinces» and «Subsoil of the Earth – a natural high-energy physical and chemical reactor» a significant contribution has been made to the innovative solution of fundamental problems of geochemistry of fluids and natural gas exploration: the importance of natural carbonates in the processes of synthesis and genesis of hydrocarbons in the Earth's lithosphere is substantiated, the different chemical properties of Сarbon isotopes in the natural processes of synthesis of various compounds are clarified, an exceptionally important regularity of the natural processes of synthesis and genesis of hydrocarbons and water in oil and gas fields from the positions of abiogenic and of biogenic dualism was discovered, in particular, the dual lithospheric-asthenospheric nature of natural water in oil and gas fields, was proved for the first time etc. (Yо. M. Svoren). On the basis of theoretical and methodical principles of the knowledge about the mineral-forming fluids in the development of the scientific direction in geology, thermobarometry and geochemistry of gases of veinlet-impregnated mineralization in the deposits of oil-gas-bearing areas and metallogenic provinces the foundation of new solution of the problem of the development of prospecting technologies-methods of non-traditional type was laid that foresees their creation and realization based on them actually prospecting for useful minerals simultaneously with solving the problem of their genesis and synthesis at the atom-molecular level fixed by defects in the mineral crystals, first of all fluid inclusions. Developed and approved new technologies-methods of such plan belongs to the field of the prospecting geology and geochemistry and is used for solving of the genetic questions, mineralogical-geochemical prediction and prospecting for pools (deposits) of the useful minerals in the local structures of the oil- and gas-bearing regions and metallogenic provinces, namely: – determination of hydrocarbon gas genesis (Yo. M. Svoren’, I. M. Naumko); – determination of prospecting for oil and gas presence in the local area (Yo. M. Svoren’, I. M. Naumko, M. M. Davydenko); – local forecast of enriched areas of gold ore fields (Yo. M. Svoren’, V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, I. M. Naumko, Z. I. Kovalyshyn, M. A. Bratus’, M. M. Davydenko); – express determination of potassium in the inclusions for identification of enriched with gold and barren vein formations (Z. I. Kovalyshyn, I. M. Naumko, V. M. Kovalevych). Scientific and technical cooperation was carried out by means of practical study of the employees of the department at the leading foreign scientific centers (M. O. Vityk, N. M. Saiko, B. I. Malyuk) and by participation in the international scientific conferences. Direct scientific contacts were established with the M. Р. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv), the M. С. Polyakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Dnipropetrovs´k) etc. In 1993, on the base of the Department was founded the Ukrainian Association of Researchers of Fluid Inclusions, then it was accepted to the European Association of Researchers of Fluid Inclusions. Еmployees of the Department became the authors and co-authors of 35 monographs, many papers in scientific publications works, materials and theses of numerous international scientific conferences, 3 dissertations for a Doctor’s Degree (Doctor of Sciences (Geology)) and 23 dissertations for a Сandidate’s Degree (Candidates of Sciences (PhD)) were defended. Rewardings at international, state and departmental levels: – State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, 1983); – The H. C. Sorby International Gold Medal (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, 1993); – State Grant for Оutstanding Scientists (V. A. Kalyuzhnyi, 1998); – Honorary Diploma of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine and the Central Committee of the Trade Union of the NAS of Ukraine (I. M. Naumko, 2001, 2011, 2021; L. R. Red’ko, 2007); – «The V. I. Luchytsky Medal» (I. M. Naumko, 2001); – The Silver Badge of the Association of Ukrainian Geologists (I. M. Naumko, 2006); – The Academician Ye. K. Lazarenko Grant for Young Scientists (R. A. Bondar, 2012); – The Gratitude to the Chairman of the Committee for State Prizes of Ukraine in Science and Technology B. E. Paton (I. M. Naumko, 2015); – Ye. K. Lazarenko Medal «For Contribution to Mineralogy» (I. M. Naumko, 2017); – Jubilee Honorary Diploma in honor of the 100th anniversary of the NAS of Ukraine (I. M. Naumko, 2018); – Diploma of the Lviv Regional Council (I. M. Naumko, 2019); – Award of the NAS of Ukraine «FOR THE PREPARATION OF SCIENTIFIC CHANGE» (I. M. Naumko, 2021); – Diploma of the Western Scientific Center of the NAS of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (I. "M. Naumko, 2023). The mentioned the specified results of fundamental and applied significance were obtained with the support from several specialized laboratories, which have functioned within the department since its creation: Mass-spectrometric chemical analysis (Yo. M. Svoren’, B. E. Sakhno, Ye. S. Novikov, B. I. Pisotskiy); Mass-spectrometric izotopical analysis (H. P. Mamchur, I. M. Naumko, I. P. Нaranyuk); gas analysis (Z. I. Kovalyshyn); X-rays analysis (Z. Y. Yorysh, L. Yо. Skuls’ka); Electronic microscope analysis (N. O. Mykolaichuk); Chemical ultramicroscopic analysis (Z. M. Prytula, O. M. Fedusiv, I. M. Deneha, I. S. Hot’); Laser microspectral analysis (L. P. Druchok); Criometrical analysis (I. M. Zinchuk); Thermometrical analysis (in part, analysis of the inclusion in melt) (B. D. Zhovtulya) Geochemistry of endogenic carbon (O. D. Matviyenko), Polishing workshop (H. D. Zhuravchak), and the Сentre of collective use of scientific instruments «Gas chromatography of fluids of geological objects» too (from 2011) (I. M. Naumko, I. M. Zinchuk, L. R. Red’ko, R. A. Bondar, Yu. A. Beletska). Thus, analysis of factual material available at the Department of Geochemistry of Deep-Seated Fluids of the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine gives grounds to confirm that problems of studies of running natural processes of minerogenesis in the upper mantle and the earth’s crust connected with defluidization of the deep horizons of lithosphere, mantle and crustal petrogenesis, formation of ore and non-ore deposits, postsedimentogenic mineral-forming in sedimentary series thst accompanies the formation of natural hydrocarbons, their migration and accumulation with forming deposits (field) both conventional and unconventional (coalbed methane, «shale» gas, gas of densed reservoirs and so on) sources, in most cases cannot be definitely solved without studies of fluid inclusions in minerals as solid bodies. Тhese defects of minerals crystalline structure are important genetic sources of information and at the same time those real witness of the process that appeared while forming the mineral parageneses of rock-ore complexes, oil and gas deposits, methane accumulations as gas of coalbeds, of «shale» gas, of gas of densed reservoirs and so on, as well as creation of geochemical and thermobaric aureoles of explored area. This will promote developing of the complex of thermobaric and geochemical criteria of prediction, exploration and evaluation of deposits of useful minerals in metallogenic provinces, oil and gas-bearing areas and gas and coal basins of the Ukraine.